In both natural and social sciences there is a growing trend towards the need to master and understand the basics of research. The correct interpretation of the investigative process is ongoing work of any professional who needs to assume and manage the research methodology to make decisions based on scientific laws that allow specific phenomena to explain and validate and legitimize the organization of the study. Scientific research is essentially like any research, but more rigorous and carefully conducted. Can be defined as a type of research "systematic, controlled, empirical and critical, hypothetical propositions about presumed relations among natural phenomena" (Kerlinger, 1975). Being "systematic and controlled" implies that there constant discipline to scientific research and the facts are not left to chance. "Empirical" means based on observable phenomena of reality, and "critical" means judged objectively and consistently removes personal preferences and value judgments. Therefore, conducting scientific research is to research carefully and cautiously.
Research can serve two purposes: 1 .-
produce knowledge and theories (Basic Research).
2 .- Solve practical problems (Applied Research).
Thanks to these two types of research humanity has evolved.
Research is the tool to understand the environment and its character is universal, a process, a term that means dynamic, changing and continuous. This process is made by a series of steps, which derive from each other. Therefore, when conducting a study or research, stages can not be issued or alter your order. Those who have questioned the requirement of scientific research, raping, have paid a high price: the resulting research is not valid or reliable, or does not meet the purposes for which it was made, therefore ceases to be scientific.
scientific knowledge and its characteristics.
Knowledge can be defined as the amount of knowledge humans have gained about everything that interests them throughout history. We can say that scientific knowledge is a subset of human knowledge (León and Montero, 1993). But what are the defining characteristics of the sub? The boundaries between scientific knowledge and the vulgar are not clear, because although there is a close relationship between them, there is also a difference of degree.
Regarding the similarities between both types of knowledge, we must highlight the claims of rationality and objectivity, this affinity can explain that for some men of science as Popper (1977) scientific knowledge is the development of common sense. However, scientific knowledge is more refined than the vulgar to venture guesses (Bunge, 1985) and for criticizing the explanations achieved through common sense (Sarramona, 1980), by extension, clarity and precision, focusing more on the why of things and for its systematic and proven security (Pérez Juste, R., et al, 1981). Thus the scientist can sometimes rise above the vulgar know, common sense, the progressive search for better solutions to problems (Latorre and others 1996).
For the English Royal Academy, know is to have a notion, by the exercise of the powers, the nature, qualities and relations of things. Knowledge is action and effect of knowing, the sense of each of the skills that an individual has to perceive through their senses, the impressions of external objects. According Bavaresco (1997), "In the common lexicon, knowledge is everything that can be acquired by a person in the subconscious. You see things and what the observed or felt, but without understanding the reason for things. " In this sense, that knowledge is not simply knowledge, but that means the scientific product of reason and intelligence itself, the search for new discoveries, that knowledge must rational, systematic, accurate, verifiable and therefore feasible. The knowledge that has these attributes is called scientific knowledge , with which are constructed explanations of reality, through procedures or methods based on logic, which allows you to establish general laws and specific explanation of its purpose " (Méndez, 2002).
Scientific knowledge is the product of scientific research, following certain guidelines and criteria for testing, experimentation and validation. Known activity ranges from common knowledge and scientific knowledge. The process of learning occurs through relationship established between a knowing subject and an object known. Knowledge is a more or less organized in understanding the world and give it certain characteristics that result in the first instance, personal experience of the knowing subject.
The knowledge that a person acquires the reality differs from the way addresses this reality, so there is common knowledge, everyday or spontaneous, acquired without any planned process and without the use of specially designed media. Such knowledge is uncritical and remains at the level of appearances. This type of knowledge is a mental construct about the events and phenomena, as there only be interpreted through concepts and linguistic categories called social constructions, but also with the help of assumptions, experience, social context, education, prejudice, among others. Everyday knowledge is an organization of empirical notions, since science itself can not be totally isolated from the social and cultural context in which it is located and developed. The
common knowledge is achieved by accepting a priori of facts, verifiable by themselves, to the truth comes naturally. In some cases, the emergence is vague and is determined by the subjective imaginative distortions in the real setting. That subjectivity and superficiality distorts reality, a reality that leads to the truth of the facts, the grounds of the path of reality. However, there are always doubts and disagreements, which are evident in the resolution of the facts and problems, where the man seeking the truth. That is, everything is based on the framework of empirical knowledge.
By contrast, the other type of knowledge, ie scientist, calls for increased rigor to find regularities in the phenomena to describe, explain and predict. Is obtained by methodical procedures that claim to validity, using thinking, logical reasoning and responding to a deliberate search for which is defining the goals and expected research models.
In this sense, scientific knowledge is the one that finds solutions to complex problems, because in working with a strict scientific methodology, all data is processed and collected to give way to true knowledge, it is objective, tangible and verifiable.
The main characteristics of scientific knowledge then would be as Bisquerra (1989), Arnaud (1978), McGuigan (1977), among others: 1 .-
Objectivity. 2 .-
Rationality.
3 .- Systematizing. 4 .- Source
empirical. 5 .-
fallibility. 6 .- Method
.
7 .- Analysis. 8 .- Communicability
.
Scientific knowledge is the product of scientific research, following certain guidelines and criteria for testing, experimentation and validation. Known activity ranges from common knowledge and scientific knowledge. The process of learning occurs through relationship established between a knowing subject and an object known. Knowledge is a more or less organized in understanding the world and give it certain characteristics that result in the first instance, personal experience of the knowing subject.
The knowledge that a person acquires the reality differs from the way addresses this reality, so there is common knowledge, everyday or spontaneous, acquired without any planned process and without the use of specially designed media. Such knowledge is uncritical and remains at the level of appearances. This type of knowledge is a mental construct about the events and phenomena, as there only be interpreted through concepts and linguistic categories called social constructions, but also with the help of assumptions, experience, social context, education, prejudice, among others. Everyday knowledge is an organization of empirical notions, since science itself can not be totally isolated from the social and cultural context in which it is located and developed. The
common knowledge is achieved by accepting a priori of facts, verifiable by themselves, to the truth comes naturally. In some cases, the emergence is vague and is determined by the subjective imaginative distortions in the real setting. That subjectivity and superficiality distorts reality, a reality that leads to the truth of the facts, the grounds of the path of reality. However, there are always doubts and disagreements, which are evident in the resolution of the facts and problems, where the man seeking the truth. That is, everything is based on the framework of empirical knowledge.
By contrast, the other type of knowledge, ie scientist, calls for increased rigor to find regularities in the phenomena to describe, explain and predict. Is obtained by methodical procedures that claim to validity, using thinking, logical reasoning and responding to a deliberate search for which is defining the goals and expected research models.
In this sense, scientific knowledge is the one that finds solutions to complex problems, because in working with a strict scientific methodology, all data is processed and collected to give way to true knowledge, it is objective, tangible and verifiable.
The main characteristics of scientific knowledge then would be as Bisquerra (1989), Arnaud (1978), McGuigan (1977), among others: 1 .-
Objectivity. 2 .-
Rationality.
3 .- Systematizing. 4 .- Source
empirical. 5 .-
fallibility. 6 .- Method
.
7 .- Analysis. 8 .- Communicability
.
Differences
common knowledge and scientific knowledge.
common knowledge and scientific knowledge.
Click on the picture to enlarge
0 comments:
Post a Comment