For the English Royal Academy,
know is to have a notion, by the exercise of the powers, the nature, qualities and relations of things.
Knowledge is action and effect of knowing, the sense of each of the skills that an individual has to perceive through their senses, the impressions of external objects. According Bavaresco (1997), "In the common lexicon, knowledge is everything that can be acquired by a person in the subconscious. You see things and what the observed or felt, but without understanding the reason for things. " In this sense, that knowledge is not simply knowledge, but that means the scientific product of reason and intelligence itself, the search for new discoveries, that knowledge must rational, systematic, accurate, verifiable and therefore feasible. The knowledge that has these attributes is called scientific knowledge
, with which are constructed explanations of reality, through procedures or methods based on logic, which allows you to establish general laws and specific explanation of its purpose " (Méndez, 2002).
Scientific knowledge is the product of scientific research, following certain guidelines and criteria for testing, experimentation and validation. Known activity ranges from common knowledge and scientific knowledge. The process of learning occurs through relationship established between a knowing subject and an object known. Knowledge is a more or less organized in understanding the world and give it certain characteristics that result in the first instance, personal experience of the knowing subject.
The knowledge that a person acquires the reality differs from the way addresses this reality, so there is common knowledge, everyday or spontaneous, acquired without any planned process and without the use of specially designed media. Such knowledge is uncritical and remains at the level of appearances. This type of knowledge is a mental construct about the events and phenomena, as there only be interpreted through concepts and linguistic categories called
social constructions, but also with the help of assumptions, experience, social context, education, prejudice, among others. Everyday knowledge is an organization of empirical notions, since science itself can not be totally isolated from the social and cultural context in which it is located and developed. The
common knowledge is achieved by accepting a priori
of facts, verifiable by themselves, to the truth comes naturally. In some cases, the emergence is vague and is determined by the subjective imaginative distortions in the real setting. That subjectivity and superficiality distorts reality, a reality that leads to the truth of the facts, the grounds of the path of reality. However, there are always doubts and disagreements, which are evident in the resolution of the facts and problems, where the man seeking the truth. That is, everything is based on the framework of empirical knowledge.
By contrast, the other type of knowledge, ie
scientist, calls for increased rigor to find regularities in the phenomena to describe, explain and predict. Is obtained by methodical procedures that claim to validity, using thinking, logical reasoning and responding to a deliberate search for which is defining the goals and expected research models.
In this sense, scientific knowledge is the one that finds solutions to complex problems, because in working with a strict scientific methodology, all data is processed and collected to give way to true knowledge, it is objective, tangible and verifiable.
The main characteristics of scientific knowledge then would be as Bisquerra (1989), Arnaud (1978), McGuigan (1977), among others: 1 .-
Objectivity. 2 .-
Rationality.
3 .- Systematizing. 4 .- Source
empirical. 5 .-
fallibility. 6 .- Method
.
7 .- Analysis. 8 .- Communicability
.
Differences
common knowledge and scientific knowledge.